Though the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) has been in force for a while, Vietnam has not made much use of the free trade agreement and imported $6.7 billion worth of materials in the first half of the year. One central issue to benefit from the deal is finding ways to meet the yarn forward rule of origin, said Truong Van Cam, general secretary of the Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS).
The textile and garment industry imported $12.7 billion worth of fabric last year and some $6.7 billion in January-June of this year. As VITAS data showed, materials are mainly imported from non-members of the free trade agreements Vietnam has signed, with 55 percent from China, 20 percent from South Korea, 16 percent from Taiwan and 5 percent from Japan
The CPTPP, which took effect last January, and the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), which was signed last June, are expected to allow Vietnamese products to approach a market with a billion consumers, which makes up around 40 percent of global gross domestic product.
Peru, Mexico and Canada are among the CPTPP countries that have no free trade agreements with Vietnam. Given this, Vietnam’s textile and garment exports to Canada have brought $700-800 million, only trailing Japan.
These two agreements feature fast and deep tax cuts. Vietnam’s textile and garment products are currently taxed 9.6 percent on average when exported to the European Union. The duties for exports to the CPTPP bloc are varied and depend on the market: 17 percent to Peru and 20 percent-35 percent to Mexico. Both trade deals will soon contribute to cutting tariffs to zero.
Almost all textile and garment products will not be subject to tariffs. The European Union has created a road map for rapid tariff cuts, where over 85 percent of tariff lines will be cut instantly to 0 percent and almost 100 percent of tariff lines will be cut seven years later.
As for the CPTPP, the tax cut road map is longer, reaching up to 16 years in certain markets such as Mexico and Peru as these markets have production and export structures similar to those in Vietnam.
Opportunities will remain undertapped if Vietnam fails to resolve the yarn-forward issue. Clothing brands have their own supply chains, whereas domestic firms have not been able to deeply integrate with these chains and have mainly focused on outsourcing, a stage with the lowest added value of the entire chain. The problems dogging the yarn-forward rule of origin are not easy to resolve, especially if brands keep using materials from partners outside the CPTPP and EVFTA.
Materials from Vietnam are usually 10 percent higher priced than similar materials from China, noted Ron Dutta of Garan Incorporated, a company with 10 years of operations in Vietnam. He added that Vietnam’s material sources are limited to mostly cotton, and local labour costs are no longer cheap.
China, the supplier of more than half of the materials used by Vietnam, produces materials on a large scale, hence its competitive prices. However, China is not a party to either of the two new-generation trade deals that Vietnam has signed. Vietnam and China are now only members of the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement, which became valid in 2010, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which is under negotiation.
According to the VITAS representative, the benefits of the CPTPP and the EVFTA are expected to convince brands to seek local suppliers instead of foreign ones. If the yarn-forward rule is not met, Vietnam’s products will be taxed up to 25 percent.
However, support from the authorities is essential. The Ministry of Industry and Trade is formulating a textile and garment development strategy, which is expected to be issued this year. If the strategy is approved, large industrial parks will be developed to attract projects to solve the problems of the industry.
“We have high hopes for this strategy,” Cam said.
VITAS hopes that once the textile and garment industrial parks, measuring 400-500 hectares, are built, they will attract projects for fiber, weaving and dyeing. Each industrial park can provide at least one billion meters of fabric per year.
Nonetheless, the construction of industrial parks designated for textile and garment projects to solve environment-related problems is not an easy task in the context of limited land resources.
https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/70513/vietnam-imports-us$66 billion-in-textile-garment-materials-in-h1.html
